How Many Attempts Are Allowed for the Citizenship Test?

Everyone · Explainer · Updated October 1, 2026 · LearnLife Editorial

What Is the Citizenship Test?

The citizenship test is a key part of the U.S. naturalization process. It assesses whether applicants understand basic American government functions, history, and civics, as well as their English language skills. The test usually includes questions about U.S. history, the Constitution, rights and responsibilities of citizens, and the structure of government. Applicants also demonstrate their ability to read, write, and speak basic English.

Passing the test shows that an applicant is ready to fully participate as a U.S. citizen. The test questions are drawn from a standardized list, ensuring fairness and consistency. Many people refer to it simply as the “naturalization test” or “civics test.” It is one of several steps applicants complete before receiving citizenship.

How Does the Citizenship Test Work?

The test process happens during the citizenship interview, where a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services officer asks the applicant up to 20 civics questions orally. The applicant must answer at least 12 correctly to pass. The officer also evaluates English reading, writing, and speaking skills.

For example, if an applicant answers 14 out of 20 questions correctly on the first try, they pass and move forward. If they answer only 10 correctly, they fail the first attempt. The USCIS will schedule a second interview within about two months to retake the test. During the second attempt, if the applicant answers at least 12 questions correctly, they pass; if not, their naturalization application may be denied.

This two-attempt policy gives applicants a fair opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge while keeping the process efficient. The test covers subjects such as the branches of government, important historical events, and citizens’ duties.

Why Does the Number of Attempts Matter?

Knowing how many times you can take the citizenship test helps reduce stress and plan preparation. Since only two attempts are allowed in the naturalization process, applicants should use their first try seriously but also understand they have a second chance if needed.

Failing twice could delay or halt citizenship, affecting work, travel, and voting rights. Preparing well for the first attempt increases the chance of success and saves time and resources. It also helps applicants understand what to expect, reducing test anxiety.

Understanding the rules around test attempts clarifies the naturalization timeline and provides a realistic view of what the process involves. This knowledge is valuable for applicants, their families, and those assisting them.

What Are Common Confusions About the Citizenship Test?

Some people confuse the naturalization test with other U.S. citizenship-related assessments, such as the English language test or the fingerprinting and background check process. The citizenship test primarily refers to the civics and English parts of the naturalization interview.

Another confusion is about retaking the test. Unlike some exams, applicants cannot take the test unlimited times. USCIS allows only two attempts per application. If applicants fail twice, they must reapply and pay fees again to start a new process.

People also mix up the citizenship test with the “green card” (permanent resident) application procedures. The green card process does not include this kind of civics test. The test is specific to those seeking U.S. citizenship.

How Can You Prepare for the Citizenship Test?

Preparation is key to passing the citizenship test on the first try. Applicants should study the official list of 100 civics questions and answers provided by USCIS. Practicing English reading, writing, and speaking skills is also crucial.

Here are practical steps to prepare:

1. Review the official 100 questions and answers regularly.
2. Practice speaking answers out loud to improve fluency and confidence.
3. Use flashcards or apps designed for citizenship test prep.
4. Attend citizenship classes or study groups if available.
5. Take practice tests under timed conditions to simulate the interview.
6. Focus on areas where you feel less confident, like specific historical dates or government functions.

For detailed tips, see Tips and Tricks for Answering Citizenship Test Questions and 100 Citizenship Test Questions to Know.

What Should You Do If You Fail the Citizenship Test?

If you do not pass on your first attempt, the USCIS officer will schedule a second interview, usually within 60 to 90 days. Use this time to review missed questions and improve your English skills.

During the second attempt, focus on staying calm and clearly answering the questions. If you pass this time, the naturalization process continues. If you fail again, your application may be denied, and you might need to file a new application and pay fees again.

Keep in mind that failing the test is not uncommon, and many applicants succeed on their second try. Access free study materials and consider asking for help from community organizations or legal aid if needed.

For more on retaking the test, read Can You Retake the Citizenship Test?.

What Are the Next Steps After Passing the Citizenship Test?

Once you pass the test and the USCIS approves your application, the final step is the Oath of Allegiance ceremony. This ceremony officially grants citizenship. You will swear loyalty to the United States and receive your Certificate of Naturalization.

After becoming a citizen, you can register to vote, apply for a U.S. passport, and enjoy all rights and responsibilities of citizenship. It is a good idea to keep a copy of your certificate in a safe place and understand your new civic duties.

If you have questions about what comes next or want to learn more about citizen responsibilities, see Teaching Responsibilities of Citizenship to Students.

Frequently asked questions

How long do I have to wait between citizenship test attempts?

If you fail the first citizenship test, the USCIS usually schedules a second interview within 60 to 90 days. This period allows you to prepare for the retake. If you fail the second test, you must reapply for naturalization to try again.

Can I bring a translator or interpreter to the citizenship test?

Generally, applicants must demonstrate English skills without an interpreter. However, exceptions exist for certain applicants over specific age and residency limits. Check official USCIS guidance or consult an immigration expert about your situation.

What happens if I fail both attempts of the citizenship test?

Failing both attempts typically results in USCIS denying your naturalization application. You may apply again by submitting a new application and paying the associated fees. Preparation before reapplying is essential to improve your chances.

Are there accommodations for disabilities during the citizenship test?

Yes, USCIS offers accommodations such as extra time or alternative test formats for applicants with disabilities. To request accommodations, submit Form N-648, Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions, with your application.

Is the citizenship test the same for all applicants?

Most applicants take the same civics and English test, but some age and residency exceptions exist. For example, older applicants with long residency may take a simplified test or be exempt from the English portion. Learn more in [Citizenship Test Age Requirements](#r2).