What Shared Decision Making Is and How It Works

Everyone · Explainer · Updated October 1, 2026 · LearnLife Editorial

What is shared decision making in simple terms?

Shared decision making is a way of making decisions that involves both the person facing the choice and a professional or trusted advisor working together. Unlike decisions made by one person alone, this approach ensures everyone shares relevant information and listens carefully. For example, in healthcare, instead of a doctor deciding a treatment without patient input, both doctor and patient discuss treatment options, risks, and benefits. This helps the patient make a choice that fits their lifestyle and beliefs. Shared decision making respects that each person knows their own needs best but also benefits from expert knowledge. It encourages honest dialogue where questions are welcomed, and decisions are made with mutual understanding. This method can apply beyond healthcare—in education, workplace settings, or family decisions—anywhere important choices involve more than one person.

How does shared decision making actually work?

The shared decision making process typically follows a clear sequence to ensure the decision suits the person’s needs and preferences:

1. Clarify the decision: Start by clearly identifying what decision needs to be made and why.
2. Share information: The professional explains all relevant facts, including options, pros and cons, risks, and potential outcomes.
3. Explore values and preferences: The individual shares what matters most to them, such as lifestyle, fears, or goals.
4. Discuss and compare options: Together, they weigh the options against the person’s values and circumstances.
5. Reach a decision: They agree on the best choice, ensuring it aligns with the person’s priorities.
6. Plan next steps: Agree on how to follow through and when to revisit the decision if necessary.

Consider a hypothetical example: Jamie has high cholesterol and visits a doctor. The doctor explains options: lifestyle changes, medication, or monitoring. Jamie expresses concern about taking medicine daily but is motivated to improve diet and exercise. They discuss how effective each option is and how Jamie’s schedule might affect adherence. They decide to start with lifestyle changes and schedule follow-ups to track progress. This conversation ensures Jamie feels heard and understands the plan.

Why does shared decision making matter to you?

Shared decision making matters because it puts you at the center of decisions that affect your life. When you are involved, you are more likely to understand your options fully and feel confident about the choice you make. This confidence can lead to better results, whether it’s following a medical treatment, choosing a school program, or planning financial goals. It also helps prevent misunderstandings or surprises since everyone agrees on the plan from the start. Additionally, shared decision making builds trust between you and professionals or loved ones, as it shows respect for your unique needs and values. For instance, patients who participate actively in their health decisions often report feeling more satisfied with their care. Outside healthcare, employees who are included in workplace decisions tend to be more motivated and productive. Overall, shared decision making enhances communication, reduces stress, and leads to decisions that truly fit your life.

What is supported decision making and how is it different?

Supported decision making is a related approach that focuses on helping people who may have difficulty making decisions independently, such as those with disabilities or cognitive impairments. Unlike shared decision making, which is a partnership between equals, supported decision making involves a supporter who provides assistance without taking over the decision. This might include helping explain complex information, organizing options, or communicating the person’s wishes to others. The key is that the individual retains the legal right to decide but receives help to do so effectively. For example, a young adult with a learning disability might work with a trusted family member or advocate who helps explain health treatment choices in simpler language. This support respects autonomy and promotes independence. While shared decision making can happen in any context, supported decision making is particularly important where capacity might be limited but self-determination is prioritized. Both approaches emphasize respect, communication, and involvement.

What terms do people often confuse with shared decision making?

Many terms are sometimes confused with shared decision making, so knowing the differences helps clarify your rights and roles:

• Decision making authority: This means who has the legal power to make a decision. For example, a parent has authority to decide for a minor child.
• Decision making capacity: This refers to the ability of a person to understand relevant information and make an informed choice. Capacity can vary over time or by decision complexity.
• Supported decision making: As explained, this is assistance offered to help someone make their own decisions.
• Collaborative decision making: A term similar to shared decision making, emphasizing teamwork, often used in workplace or community settings.

Confusing these terms can lead to misunderstandings about who decides and how decisions are made. For instance, someone with decision making authority might still involve the person affected through shared decision making, but legally the authority-holder has the final say if needed. Learning about these terms, such as through articles on decision making capacity and decision making authority, can help you understand your role and protect your rights.

How can you practice shared decision making in everyday life?

You can practice shared decision making in daily life by following practical steps that encourage open communication and respect for preferences. Here’s a simple approach:

• Prepare: Before a conversation, think about what decision you need to make and what matters most to you.
• Ask clear questions: Use phrases like “What are my options?” or “Can you explain the pros and cons?”
• Share your values: Say things like “I prefer a plan that doesn’t interfere with my work schedule” or “I’m concerned about side effects.”
• Listen actively: Pay attention to explanations and ask for clarification if needed.
• Summarize: Repeat back what you understand, for example, “So the main options are A and B, and option A might require daily medication?”
• Agree on next steps: Decide who will do what and when you will check in again.

For example, if you’re choosing a new smartphone plan, you might talk to a sales advisor, ask about costs and coverage, share your typical usage needs, and then decide together on a plan that fits your budget and lifestyle. Practicing these steps builds your confidence and decision skills, suitable for any situation from health care to school or work.

What should you do next if you want to use shared decision making?

If you want to start using shared decision making, begin by identifying an upcoming decision where you want more involvement. Prepare by writing down your questions and what matters most to you. When you meet with the professional or advisor, state clearly, “I want to make this decision together, so I understand all my options.” Use the practical steps above to guide the conversation. If you feel rushed or confused, ask for more time or additional resources, like brochures or websites. After the decision, keep track of how it works for you and note any changes you want to discuss later. If you or someone you know faces challenges making decisions, ask about supported decision making programs or legal resources in your area. Professionals like social workers, counselors, or advocates can provide guidance. Being proactive ensures your choices align with your values and needs.

Frequently asked questions

Can shared decision making be used outside healthcare?

Yes, shared decision making applies to many areas like education, work, and family planning. It’s about collaborating to make choices that fit personal values and circumstances, no matter the setting.

Does shared decision making mean I don’t have the final say?

No, you always have the final say in shared decision making. The process is about support and information sharing to help you make the best choice, not about others deciding for you.

What if the professional disagrees with my choice?

Professionals should respect your preferences even if they differ from their recommendations. They can explain risks and benefits, but the decision is yours unless legal authority says otherwise.

How is shared decision making different from informed consent?

Informed consent involves agreeing to a plan after receiving information, usually in healthcare. Shared decision making is a two-way conversation where options are discussed and chosen together, often before consent is given.

Who benefits most from supported decision making?

People with disabilities, cognitive impairments, or those needing help understanding complex situations benefit most. Supported decision making helps them maintain autonomy with assistance.

How can educators use shared decision making with students?

Educators can involve students in choices about learning goals, projects, or classroom rules by discussing options and preferences. This encourages responsibility and motivation.