How to Get a Passport for the First Time

Everyone · How-to · Updated October 1, 2026 · LearnLife Editorial

What do you need before starting your passport application?

Before you begin your passport application, make sure you have all the necessary documents and materials. Start with proof of U.S. citizenship. This should be one of the following: an original or certified birth certificate issued by a city, county, or state vital records office; a previous U.S. passport; a Consular Report of Birth Abroad; or a naturalization certificate. Remember, photocopies or hospital birth records are not acceptable as proof of citizenship.

Next, you need valid photo identification. Common options include a current driver’s license, state ID card, government employee ID, or military ID. You must also provide a photocopy of the front and back of this ID on plain white paper sized 8.5 by 11 inches. These copies should be clear and legible to prevent delays.

A recent passport photo is required, measuring exactly 2x2 inches in color with a white or off-white background. The photo must show a full face, front view, with a neutral expression and no hats or glasses. Many pharmacies, photo studios, or shipping centers offer passport photo services that meet government standards.

Finally, obtain the correct application form, Form DS-11, which is for first-time applicants, minors, or those who cannot renew by mail. Download it from the official government website or pick one up at a passport acceptance facility. Do not sign the form before you submit it in person.

Having all these materials ready before your appointment saves time and avoids the hassle of returning with missing documents. For a detailed checklist, see What You Need to Get a Passport for the First Time.

What are the detailed step-by-step instructions to apply for a first-time passport?

1. Fill out Form DS-11 Carefully but Do Not Sign It Yet: Use black ink and print clearly. Leave the signature line blank; you must sign the form in front of the acceptance agent. Avoid mistakes like skipping required fields, as these can cause processing delays.
2. Gather Your Documents: Collect your proof of citizenship and valid photo ID, along with photocopies of the ID. Double-check that your birth certificate is an original or certified copy, not a photocopy. Ensure your ID is current and valid, not expired.
3. Get Your Passport Photo Taken: Visit a professional passport photo provider to ensure your photo meets all government specifications. Photos taken at home or with a smartphone often fail to meet the strict requirements for size, background, or lighting.
4. Locate a Passport Acceptance Facility Near You: Use the official government website tool to find facilities such as post offices, libraries, or county clerk offices authorized to accept passport applications. Many require appointments, so verify their schedule before your visit.
5. Submit Your Application in Person: Bring your completed (unsigned) Form DS-11, proof of citizenship, photo ID, photocopies of your ID, and passport photo. You will take an oath and sign the form in the presence of the acceptance agent, who will verify your documents.
6. Pay the Application Fees: Passport application fees include a processing fee and an execution (acceptance) fee. Payment options vary by facility but often include personal checks, money orders, credit cards, or debit cards. Check ahead to confirm acceptable payment methods.
7. Keep Your Receipt and Tracking Number: Once you submit your application, you will receive a receipt with a tracking number. This number allows you to check your passport’s processing status online or by phone.

Each step ensures that your identity and citizenship are verified correctly. Missing documents, inaccurate forms, or improper photos may result in delays or application denial. For more detailed instructions, see How to Apply for a Passport for Beginners.

How do you know your passport application was successful?

After submitting your application, the passport agency processes it, which can take several weeks. You will get a receipt with a tracking number at the time of application. Use this number on the government website to check your passport’s processing status regularly.

Your passport will be mailed to the address you provided on the application. It arrives in a secure envelope that should not be opened by anyone else. If you requested expedited processing, expect faster delivery, usually within 1 to 2 weeks.

If you don’t receive your passport within the timeframe indicated by the agency, or the tracking system shows a problem, contact the National Passport Information Center or your local passport agency. Be prepared to provide your tracking number and personal details for verification.

Receiving your physical passport in the mail is the final confirmation your application was approved and processed. Keep your original documents and the receipt until your passport arrives.

What should you do if your passport application is delayed or denied?

If your passport application is delayed beyond the expected processing time, first check your status online with your receipt number. Delays are common when the agency is busy or when your application requires additional verification.

If the agency finds missing or unclear information, they usually contact you by mail or phone with instructions on how to fix the problem. Respond promptly to avoid further delays.

If your application is denied, you will receive a letter explaining the reason. Common causes include inadequate proof of citizenship, mismatched personal information, or unacceptable photos. Review the letter carefully and gather any missing or corrected documents. Then, you can reapply using a new Form DS-11 and submit it again in person.

For urgent travel needs, such as family emergencies, you may qualify for expedited processing or an in-person appointment at a regional passport agency. Contact the agency directly to explain your situation and request assistance.

If you believe your application was wrongfully denied or you need help with the process, consider reaching out to legal aid organizations or a qualified attorney. Keep copies of all your documents, letters, and receipts to support your case if needed.

How does the passport application process change for different age groups or situations?

The application process varies based on age and personal circumstances:

• Minors Under Age 16: Both parents or legal guardians must appear with the child and provide proof of parental relationship and consent. If one parent cannot attend, they must provide a notarized consent form. Additional documents may be necessary depending on custody arrangements.
• Teens Aged 16 or 17: The process is similar to adults but often requires one parent or guardian’s consent. The teen must appear in person with proper identification and proof of citizenship. For specifics, see How to get a passport for my teenager and How to get a passport for a 15 year old: a simple guide.
• Babies and Young Children: Parents must apply in person, providing proof of their identity and citizenship, plus the child’s birth certificate and a passport photo of the child. Because infant photos can be tricky, professional photo services are highly recommended (How to Get a Passport for Your Baby).
• Renewing Adults: If you already have a U.S. passport issued when you were 16 or older that is undamaged and expired less than 15 years ago, you may qualify to renew by mail with Form DS-82, which is faster and does not require an in-person visit (How to Renew Your Passport After Turning 18).
• First-Time Adults: Follow the full DS-11 application process in person as described in this article.

Understanding which category applies to you helps to prepare the correct documents and follow the right steps.

What practical tips can make your passport application go smoothly?

• Check Every Document Twice: Ensure your birth certificate is an original or certified copy, and photocopies are clear and on plain white paper.
• Use a Professional Passport Photo Service: A professional will deliver photos that meet size, background, and lighting rules exactly.
• Do Not Sign Your DS-11 Before Your Appointment: Signing early will invalidate your application; wait to sign in front of the acceptance agent.
• Know the Fees and Payment Methods Ahead of Time: Fees change periodically; check the current fees and accepted payment types at your chosen facility before your visit.
• Schedule an Appointment if Required: Many facilities, especially post offices, require appointments. Avoid long waits by booking in advance.
• Apply Early: Submit your application well ahead of travel plans—ideally at least two to three months before your trip—to avoid rush fees and stress.
• Keep Your Receipt and Tracking Number in a Safe Place: Use them to track your application and contact the agency if needed.
• Organize Your Documents: Bring everything in a folder or envelope to present clearly and avoid losing important papers.

Following these steps helps prevent common issues and speeds up your passport approval.

Frequently asked questions

Can I apply for a passport online if it’s my first time?

No. First-time applicants must apply in person at an authorized acceptance facility so an agent can verify your identity and citizenship. Only some renewals can be done by mail or online.

What should I do if I lost my birth certificate?

Request a certified copy from the vital records office in the state or county where you were born. If this isn’t possible, a naturalization certificate or previous U.S. passport may serve as proof of citizenship.

How long does it take to get a first-time passport?

Processing generally takes several weeks. You can pay extra for expedited processing, which typically reduces wait time to one or two weeks.

What if I don’t have a photo ID?

Most applicants need a valid photo ID. If you don’t have one, explain your situation at the passport acceptance facility; they may accept alternative documents or require additional proof of identity.

What payment methods are accepted at passport acceptance facilities?

Accepted payments vary but commonly include personal checks, money orders, credit cards, and debit cards. Confirm payment options with your facility before applying.

Is there an age limit to get a passport?

No. Passports are issued to all ages, from infants to seniors. Minors have additional requirements, including parental consent.